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Malamulo a kumbuyo kwa chithunzi cha pasipoti, ndi chifukwa chosachisintha

Mabungwe ambiri a pasipoti amafuna kumbuyo kosalala kowala, ndipo US, UK ndi Canada zimaletsanso zithunzi zosinthidwa, choncho kumbuyo kuyenera kukhala koyenera pamene chithunzi chikujambulidwa. Tsamba ili likufotokoza mwachidule malamulo ovomerezeka. Chida ichi chimaika kumbuyo koyera kosalala kuseri kwa chithunzi: chigwiritseni ntchito pamene kumbuyo kosinthidwa kuloledwa, monga chithunzi cha profayilo kapena tsamba la gulu, osati pa chithunzi cha pasipoti.

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Zomwe tsamba ili likupatsani

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Malamulo ovomerezeka, ndi magwero ake

Tebulo la mayiko pa tsamba la chida likuwonetsa zomwe bungwe lililonse limafuna, kuphatikizapo kumbuyo, kukula kwa chithunzi chosindikizidwa ndi malamulo ena, ndipo limatchula gwero lovomerezeka pa mzere uliwonse. Zofunika zimasintha, choncho musanajambule chithunzi yang'anani tsamba la zithunzi la bungwe lanu.

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Kumbuyo koyera kosalala, koikidwa kokha

Ikani chithunzi ndipo chida chimachotsa kumbuyo koyambirira ndikuika koyera kosalala kuseri kwa munthu kapena chinthu. Mungasankhe kumbuyo kwina mu mkonzi. Chigwiritseni ntchito pokhapokha pamene kumbuyo kosinthidwa kuloledwa: US, UK ndi Canada zonse zimaletsa zithunzi za pasipoti zosinthidwa.

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Kutsitsa kwaulere, palibe kulembetsa

Tsitsani zotsatira kwaulere, popanda chizindikiro chamadzi komanso popanda akaunti. Chithunzi chanu choyambirira, cha ukulu wake wonse, sichichoka konse pa chipangizo chanu, ndipo palibe chomwe chimasungidwa.

Momwe mungapezere kumbuyo koyenera pa chithunzi cha pasipoti

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Yang'anani malamulo a bungwe lanu

Yambani ndi tsamba la zithunzi la bungwe lanu la pasipoti, kapena tebulo la mayiko pa tsamba la chida. Mtundu wa kumbuyo, kukula ndi malamulo osintha zimasiyana m'dziko lililonse, ndipo US, UK ndi Canada zonse zimaletsa zithunzi zosinthidwa.

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Jambulani chithunzi pamaso pa kumbuyo koyenera

Imani mapazi angapo kutsogolo kwa khoma losalala la mtundu umene bungwe lanu limafuna, ndi kuwala kofanana pa nkhope yanu, kuti mthunzi wanu usagwere pa khoma. Ngati kumbuyo kwatuluka molakwika, jambulani chithunzi chatsopano kapena pitani ku situdiyo ya zithunzi. Musakonze ndi pulogalamu ya pakompyuta: Canada imatchula "changing the background, including removing shadows" (kusintha kumbuyo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mithunzi) ngati kusintha.

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Gwiritsani ntchito chida pokhapokha kusintha kuloledwa

Pa chithunzi chomwe chimalola kumbuyo kosinthidwa, monga chithunzi cha profayilo kapena tsamba la gulu, chiikeni mu chida. Chimachotsa kumbuyo koyambirira ndikuika koyera kosalala kuseri kwa munthu kapena chinthu, ndipo mumatsitsa zotsatira kwaulere.

Nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito chida, ndi nthawi yosachigwiritsa

Zithunzi za profayilo ndi masamba a gulu

Pamene palibe lamulo loletsa kusintha, monga chithunzi cha profayilo, tsamba la gulu kapena la Za Ife, kapena mndandanda wa ogwira ntchito, kumbuyo koyera kosalala kumapatsa chithunzi chilichonse mawonekedwe aukhondo ofanana.

Osati pa pasipoti ya US, UK kapena Canada

Zonse zitatu zimaletsa zithunzi za pasipoti zosinthidwa. US imati: "Do not change your photo using computer software, phone apps or filters, or artificial intelligence." (musasinthe chithunzi chanu pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a pakompyuta, mapulogalamu a foni kapena zosefera, kapena luntha lochita kupanga). UK imafuna zithunzi "unaltered by computer software" (zosasinthidwa ndi mapulogalamu a pakompyuta), ndipo Canada imatchula "changing the background, including removing shadows" (kusintha kumbuyo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mithunzi) ngati kusintha. M'malo mwake, jambulani chithunzi chatsopano.

Zithunzi za visa: yang'anani malamulo a visa

Malamulo a zithunzi za visa angasiyane ndi a pasipoti, ndipo ena amaletsanso kusintha. Malamulo a zithunzi za visa ya alendo ya Canada amati: "If the photographs are digital, they must not be altered in any way." (ngati zithunzi zili za digito, siziyenera kusinthidwa mwanjira iliyonse). Tsatirani tsamba lovomerezeka la zithunzi za visa la dziko limene mukufunsira.

Zithunzi zina zovomerezeka: funsani kaye

Musanasinthe chithunzi cha chiphaso, layisensi, kapena fomu ya mayeso kapena ya ntchito, yang'anani malamulo a amene anachifuna. Ngati akufuna chithunzi chosasinthidwa, jambulani china m'malo mosintha kumbuyo.

Kumbuyo kwa chithunzi cha pasipoti, m'Chichewa chosavuta

Bungwe lililonse la pasipoti limafalitsa malamulo ake a zithunzi. Ambiri amafuna kumbuyo kosalala kowala, koma mtundu weniweni umasiyana: US imalandira koyera kosalala kapena off-white, chithunzi chosindikizidwa cha UK chimafuna kirimu kapena imvi yowala yosalala, ndipo Canada imafuna koyera kosalala kapena kwa mtundu wowala. US, UK ndi Canada zimaletsanso kusintha. US imati: "Do not change your photo using computer software, phone apps or filters, or artificial intelligence." (musasinthe chithunzi chanu pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a pakompyuta, mapulogalamu a foni kapena zosefera, kapena luntha lochita kupanga). UK imafuna zithunzi "unaltered by computer software" (zosasinthidwa ndi mapulogalamu a pakompyuta), ndipo Canada imatchula "changing the background, including removing shadows" (kusintha kumbuyo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mithunzi) ngati kusintha.

Choncho pa chithunzi cha pasipoti, kumbuyo kuyenera kukhala koyenera pamene chithunzi chikujambulidwa. Imani mapazi angapo kutsogolo kwa khoma losalala la mtundu woyenera, ikani kuwala kofanana pa nkhope yanu kuchokera kutsogolo, ndipo ngati kumbuyo kwatuluka molakwika, jambulani chithunzi chatsopano kapena pitani ku situdiyo ya zithunzi. India sifuna chithunzi konse ku Passport Seva Kendra (PSK) kapena Post Office Passport Seva Kendra (POPSK); District Passport Cells, Speed Post Centres ndi Citizen Service Centres zimafuna chithunzi chosindikizidwa cha mitundu chokhala ndi kumbuyo koyera kosalala. Yang'anani tsamba la zithunzi la bungwe lanu musanajambule chithunzi.

Chida cha patsamba lino ndi cha chiyani

Chida ichi chimachotsa kumbuyo kwa chithunzi ndikuika koyera kosalala kuseri kwa munthu kapena chinthu, kwaulere, popanda kulembetsa komanso popanda chizindikiro chamadzi. Ndi choyenera pa chithunzi cha profayilo, tsamba la gulu kapena la Za Ife, kapena chithunzi chilichonse chomwe palibe amene waletsa kumbuyo kosinthidwa. Si cha chithunzi cha pasipoti: US, UK ndi Canada zonse zimaletsa zithunzi zosinthidwa, ndipo mabungwe ena angaletsenso, choncho yang'anani kaye malamulo ovomerezeka. Bungwe lopereka chikalatacho lokha ndi limene limasankha ngati chithunzi chivomerezedwe. Chithunzi chanu choyambirira, cha ukulu wake wonse, sichichoka konse pa chipangizo chanu, ndipo palibe chomwe chimasungidwa.

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Mafunso okhudza zithunzi za pasipoti

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito chithunzi chokhala ndi kumbuyo kosinthidwa pa pasipoti?
Ayi pa pasipoti ya US, UK kapena Canada. US imati: "Do not change your photo using computer software, phone apps or filters, or artificial intelligence." (musasinthe chithunzi chanu pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a pakompyuta, mapulogalamu a foni kapena zosefera, kapena luntha lochita kupanga). UK imafuna zithunzi "unaltered by computer software" (zosasinthidwa ndi mapulogalamu a pakompyuta), ndipo Canada imatchula "changing the background, including removing shadows" (kusintha kumbuyo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mithunzi) ngati kusintha. Musagwiritse ntchito chida chochotsa kumbuyo, kuphatikizapo chathu, pa chithunzi cha pasipoti. Ngati kumbuyo kuli kolakwika, jambulani chithunzi chatsopano pamaso pa khoma labwino, kapena pitani ku situdiyo ya zithunzi. Pa dziko lina lililonse, yang'anani malamulo ovomerezeka a zithunzi musanasinthe chilichonse.
Kodi chithunzi cha pasipoti chiyenera kukhala chachikulu bwanji?
Dziko lililonse limasankha lokha: mainchesi 2x2 (51x51mm) ku US, kutalika kwa 45mm ndi m'lifupi mwa 35mm pa chithunzi chosindikizidwa cha UK, ndi m'lifupi mwa 50mm ndi kutalika kwa 70mm ku Canada. Ku India, mafomu a ku District Passport Cells, Speed Post Centres ndi Citizen Service Centres amafuna chithunzi cha 4.5cm × 3.5cm, ndipo ku Passport Seva Kendra chithunzi sichifunika. Onetsetsani kukula koyenera pojambula ndi posindikiza chithunzi, ndipo yang'anani tsamba la bungwe lanu kuti mudziwe lamulo la kukula kwa mutu.
Ndi mayiko ati omwe amafuna kumbuyo koyera, ndipo ndi ati omwe amafuna mtundu wina?
US imalandira koyera kosalala kapena off-white, Canada koyera kosalala kapena kwa mtundu wowala, ndipo mafomu a mapepala a India koyera kosalala. UK imafuna kirimu kapena imvi yowala yosalala pa chithunzi chosindikizidwa, ndi kumbuyo kosalala kwa mtundu wowala pa chithunzi cha digito. France imaletsa kumbuyo koyera, monga tebulo la mayiko pa tsamba la chida likuwonetsera. Chilichonse chomwe bungwe lanu likufuna, chikonzeni pojambula chithunzi: US, UK ndi Canada zimaletsa kusintha kumbuyo pambuyo pake.
Kodi chithunzi chiyenera kusindikizidwa, kapena ndingakweze fayilo ya digito?
Zimadalira dziko ndi momwe mukufunsira. UK imalandira chithunzi cha digito pa mafomu a pa intaneti, ndipo zithunzi zosindikizidwa za UK ziyenera kukhala "printed to a professional standard" (zosindikizidwa mwaukadaulo). Zithunzi za pasipoti za Canada zosindikizidwa ziyenera kujambulidwa ndi wojambula zithunzi wa bizinesi kapena situdiyo ya zithunzi, ndipo zithunzi zosindikizidwa kunyumba sizilandiridwa. India sifuna chithunzi ku Passport Seva Kendra, ndipo pamene chithunzi chikufunika, kabuku kake kamati: "Photograph in computer print will not be accepted." (chithunzi chosindikizidwa ndi pulinta ya kompyuta sichidzalandiridwa). Yang'anani tsamba la mafomu la bungwe lanu musanasindikize.
Kodi chida ichi ndi chaulere?
Inde: palibe ndondomeko yolipira, palibe ma credit, palibe chizindikiro chamadzi ndipo palibe kulembetsa. Chithunzi chanu choyambirira, cha ukulu wake wonse, sichichoka konse pa chipangizo chanu, ndipo palibe chomwe chimasungidwa. Koma kukhala chaulere sikupangitsa chithunzi chosinthidwa kuvomerezeka pa chikalata chovomerezeka: pa pasipoti, perekani chithunzi chosasinthidwa chomwe chikugwirizana ndi malamulo a bungwe lanu.
Kodi ndingajambule chithunzi changa ndekha?
Zimadalira dziko. Canada imafuna kuti chithunzi chijambulidwe ndi wojambula zithunzi wa bizinesi kapena situdiyo ya zithunzi. UK imakulolani kujambula chithunzi cha digito ndi chipangizo chanu pamene mukufunsira pa intaneti, koma mudzafunika wina woti akuthandizeni, ndipo imati zithunzi zojambulidwa m'kanyumba kojambulira zithunzi kapena m'sitolo zili ndi mwayi waukulu wovomerezedwa. India sifuna chithunzi ku Passport Seva Kendra (PSK) kapena Post Office Passport Seva Kendra (POPSK). Kulikonse kumene mungajambule chithunzi, musachisinthe pambuyo pake.

Tsegulani chida cha kumbuyo koyera

Kwaulere, palibe kulembetsa, palibe chizindikiro chamadzi. Pa zithunzi zomwe kumbuyo kosinthidwa kuloledwa, osati pa chithunzi cha pasipoti.

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